Efficient Three-Layer Iterative Solutions of Electromagnetic Problems Using the Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm

We present a three-layer iterative algorithm for fast and efficient solutions of electromagnetic problems formulated with surface integral equations. The strategy is based on nested iterative solutions employing the multilevel fast multipole algorithm and its approximate forms. We show that the three-layer mechanism significantly reduces solution times, while it requires no additional memory as opposed to algebraic preconditioners. Numerical examples involving three-dimensional scattering problems are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.