Optimal Peak Shaving with Vehicle-to-Grid Capability of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids

This paper presents an optimal off-line Peak Shaving algorithm thanks to the storage system of the Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV). The aini is to shave the house load and to charge the PEV battery together. The strategy proposed is off-line and so, the entire house Daily Load Profile (DLP) is known by the algorithm. The algorithm is applied on 1000 use cases in order to draw general conclusions and to perform a benchmark. The results show that it is possible to reduce almost by half the peak consumption of the house by exploiting the storage system of the vehicle while ensuring the charging of this one. A second optimal off-line algorithm is proposed; The Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) PEV Charging Cost Optimization. This strategy is also applied on 1000 use cases and under two different Daily Energy Price (DEP) profiles to assess the charging cost minimization capability. The results show that it is possible to reduce the PEV charging cost by 65% under a typical DEP profile. The last contribution of this paper consists to analyze the charging cost obtained by the application of these vo optimal algorithms and to analyze the average shapes of the profiles.