Energy storage performance of LiV3O8/water-in-salt electrolyte/LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cell for aqueous lithium-ion batteries

Electrochemical performance of an aqueous lithium-ion battery containing LiV3O8 anode, 'water-in-salt' 20 M LiTFSI electrolyte and LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode was studied. In the full cell, the cathode and anode reached a maximum lithiation capacity of 145.8 mAh g(-1) and 80 mAh g(-1), respectively. The full cell successfully underwent 100-110 cycles before hitting 20% capacity loss limit. The average discharge potential of the cell started at 0.849 V and stayed relatively stable in the next 140 cycles. The first cycle coulombic efficiency was as high as 80% and it stabilized at 99-100% in the subsequent cycles. These are the best numbers ever reported for this anode/cathode couple. This outperformance was achieved thanks to the increased stability of the anode and cathode materials in high molarity 'water-in-salt' electrolyte over lower molarity nitrate or sulfate electrolytes previously reported in literature.